Photograph credits

The same rule as for a figure: every photograph says what it shows, who took it, and where it came from. All are from Wikimedia Commons. Photographs credited to the U.S. Navy, the Department of Defense or NASA are U.S. government works in the public domain, and the 1954 Admiralty chart is out of Crown copyright; their use here implies no endorsement. The same photographs head the cards shown when a page is shared, and each card prints its photograph's credit.

USS Enterprise and USS Vicksburg transit the Bab el-Mandeb, April 2012.
U.S. Navy, MC3 Daniel J. Meshel, Public domain
A Seahawk helicopter escorts the supertanker AbQaiq in the Gulf, June 2003.
U.S. Navy, PH1 Kevin H. Tierney, Public domain
LNG tanker Minerva Amorgos, westbound for Dunkirk, July 2023.
Rhetos, CC0
The port of Novorossiysk on the Black Sea, March 2022.
WeedNoon, CC BY-SA 4.0
Tanker M/T Carry in the Baltic, out of St Petersburg, July 2012.
Mustang Joe, CC0
CMA CGM Seine arrives at Le Havre, June 2025.
Arizonaman1, CC0
Container terminal, Port of Hamburg, at night.
mybroetchen, CC BY 2.0
Tankers load at Iraq's Al Basra Oil Terminal in the northern Gulf, September 2004.
U.S. Navy, PH2 Samuel W. Shavers, Public domain
Bab el-Mandeb from mid-channel, with Yemen on the horizon.
Richard Weil, CC0
Admiralty Chart No. 1957, Hao-Wang Chiao to Hsiung-Ti Tao, on the Chinese side of the Taiwan Strait. Published 1934, new edition 1954.
United Kingdom Hydrographic Office, Public domain
Ships at anchor off Bandar Abbas, Iran's main port on the Strait of Hormuz, December 2007.
Ivan Mlinaric, CC BY 2.0
The Strait of Hormuz and the Musandam Peninsula from the International Space Station, June 2016.
NASA Johnson Space Center, Public domain
Yanbu, on Saudi Arabia's Red Sea coast, where the East-West pipeline ends. From the International Space Station, July 2002.
NASA Johnson Space Center, Public domain
Container ship CMA CGM Arkansas in the Suez Canal, January 2016.
Ahmed Helal, CC BY 2.0
The Suez Canal at Ismailia, November 2016.
Balou46, CC BY-SA 4.0
A Yang Ming container ship in the Mediterranean, bound for the Suez Canal, October 2018.
RH, CC BY-SA 4.0
Underground gas storage at Empelde, near Hanover, Germany, April 2015.
Gerd Fahrenhorst, CC BY 3.0
The floating LNG import terminal Höegh Esperanza at Wilhelmshaven, Germany, July 2023.
Rhetos, CC0
The container terminal at Ust-Luga, Russia's Baltic port, September 2020.
WeedNooon, CC BY-SA 4.0
Anti-landing spikes on Lesser Kinmen, a Taiwanese island within sight of Xiamen, September 2014.
rheins, CC BY 3.0
Taipei, December 2016.
Sinchen.Lin, CC BY 2.0
Kaohsiung Harbour, Taiwan's largest port, at night.
lumoplank, CC0
Market data on the screens of the Taiwan Stock Exchange, February 2021.
Office of the President, Republic of China (Taiwan), CC BY 2.0
BP's refinery and tank farm at Europoort, Rotterdam, March 2014.
Michielverbeek, CC BY-SA 3.0
Basra, Iraq's oil port city on the Shatt al-Arab, from the International Space Station, May 2025.
NASA Johnson Space Center, Public domain
TSMC's Fab 12B in Hsinchu Science Park, Taiwan, at dusk, July 2015.
曾成訓, CC BY 2.0
Rosneft's refinery at Tuapse, on Russia's Black Sea coast, May 2019.
Maximcofetea, CC BY-SA 4.0
USS Dwight D. Eisenhower, USNS Arctic and USS Nitze transit the Strait of Hormuz, July 2016.
U.S. Navy, Public domain
A cargo ship on the Danube at Sulina, Romania, where the river meets the Black Sea, July 2012.
Nenea hartia, CC BY-SA 4.0